Duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in acute coronary syndrome

Heart. 2017 Apr;103(8):573-580. doi: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-309871. Epub 2017 Mar 1.

Abstract

Despite a large volume of evidence supporting the use of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome, there remains major uncertainty regarding the optimal duration of therapy. Clinical trials have varied markedly in the duration of therapy, both across and within trials. Recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggest that shorter durations of dual antiplatelet therapy are superior because the avoidance of atherothrombotic events is counterbalanced by the greater risks of excess major bleeding with apparent increases in all-cause mortality with longer durations. These findings did not show significant heterogeneity according to whether patients had stable or unstable coronary heart disease. Moreover, the potential hazards and benefits may differ when applied to the general broad population of patients encountered in everyday clinical practice who have markedly higher bleeding and atherothrombotic event rates. Clinicians lack definitive information regarding the duration of therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome and risk scores do not appear to be sufficiently robust to address these concerns. We believe that there is a pressing need to undertake a broad inclusive safety trial of shorter durations of therapy in real world populations of patients with acute coronary syndrome. The clinical evidence would further inform future research into strategies for personalised medicine.

Keywords: Acute coronary syndromes; Coronary artery disease; Diseases.

Publication types

  • Review
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acute Coronary Syndrome / blood
  • Acute Coronary Syndrome / complications
  • Acute Coronary Syndrome / diagnosis
  • Acute Coronary Syndrome / therapy*
  • Aspirin / administration & dosage*
  • Aspirin / adverse effects
  • Blood Platelets / drug effects*
  • Blood Platelets / metabolism
  • Coronary Thrombosis / blood
  • Coronary Thrombosis / etiology
  • Coronary Thrombosis / prevention & control*
  • Drug Administration Schedule
  • Drug Therapy, Combination
  • Hemorrhage / chemically induced
  • Humans
  • Percutaneous Coronary Intervention* / adverse effects
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / administration & dosage*
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors / adverse effects
  • Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists / administration & dosage*
  • Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists / adverse effects
  • Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 / blood
  • Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12 / drug effects*
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Time Factors
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • P2RY12 protein, human
  • Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors
  • Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists
  • Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12
  • Aspirin