Acute toxicity, biochemical toxicity and genotoxicity caused by 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate in zebrafish (Danio rerio) livers

Cheng Zhang; Yuting Shao; Lusheng Zhu; Jinhua Wang; Jun Wang; Yingying Guo

doi:10.1016/j.etap.2017.02.018

Acute toxicity, biochemical toxicity and genotoxicity caused by 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate in zebrafish (Danio rerio) livers

Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2017 Apr:51:131-137. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.02.018. Epub 2017 Feb 21.

Authors

Cheng Zhang¹, Yuting Shao², Lusheng Zhu³, Jinhua Wang⁴, Jun Wang⁵, Yingying Guo⁶

Affiliations

¹ College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China. Electronic address: zxjzhangcheng@163.com.
² College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China. Electronic address: shaoyuting099@163.com.
³ College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China. Electronic address: lushzhu@vip.163.com.
⁴ College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China. Electronic address: wjh@sdau.edu.cn.
⁵ College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China. Electronic address: jwang@sdau.edu.cn.
⁶ College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China. Electronic address: gyywfs@163.com.

PMID: 28238700
DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.02.018

Abstract

The present study examined the potential toxicity of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Bmim]Cl) and 1-butyl-3- methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([Bmim]BF₄) in the liver cells of zebrafish (Danio rerio) with different doses (20-160mg/L) on 7 and 14days. The effects of [Bmim]Cl and [Bmim]BF₄ on acute toxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS), antioxidant enzymes, glutathione S-transferase (GST), malondialdehyde (MDA), and DNA damage degree in livers of zebrafish were determined. The 50% lethal concentration (LC₅₀) values after a 96-h exposure to [Bmim]Cl and [Bmim]BF₄ were 632.8±67.4 and 604.6±56.2mg/L, respectively, which indicated that the substances were practically harmless. The minor discrepancy may be caused by the different anions. The ROS levels were dose-dependent, which may cause the inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activity, lipid peroxidation, DNA damage and the stimulation of detoxifying enzyme activity. The present study can also provide scientific support for the future selection and evaluation of ionic liquids (ILs).

Keywords: 96h LC(50); Antioxidant enzyme; DNA damage; Lipid peroxidation; ROS.

MeSH terms

Animals
DNA Damage*
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Female
Imidazoles / toxicity*
Ionic Liquids / toxicity*
Lethal Dose 50
Liver / drug effects*
Liver / enzymology
Liver / pathology
Male
Mutagenicity Tests
Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
Toxicity Tests, Acute
Water Pollutants, Chemical / toxicity*
Zebrafish

Substances

1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate
Imidazoles
Ionic Liquids
Reactive Oxygen Species
Water Pollutants, Chemical
1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride