1 Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1, Kimiidera, Wakayama city, Wakayama, Japan.
2 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
3 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Tama Medical Center, 2-8-29, Musashidai, Fuchu city, Tokyo, Japan.
4 Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Jichi Medical University Saitama Medical Center, 1-847 Amanumacho, Omiya-ku, Saitama city, Saitama, Japan. msanui@mac.com.
5 Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, 5-1-1, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
6 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Keio University School of Medicine, 35, Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
7 Emergency Medical Center, Fukuyama City Hospital, 5-23-1, Zao-cho, Fukuyama city, Hiroshima, Japan.
8 Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Hiroshima City Hiroshima Citizens Hospital, 7-33, Motomachi, Naka-ku, Hiroshima city, Hiroshima, Japan.
9 Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1, Yanagido, Gifu city, Gifu, Japan.
10 Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Asahi General Hospital, I-1326 Asahi, Chiba, Japan.
11 Senri Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Saiseikai Senri Hospital, 1-1-6 Tsukumodai, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
12 Department of General Internal Medicine, Iizuka Hospital, 3-83, Yoshiomachi, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka, Japan.
13 Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Musashino Hospital, 1-26-1, Kyounancho, Musashino city, Tokyo, Japan.
14 Department of Emergency Medicine, Shonan Kamakura General Hospital, 1370-1, Okamoto, Kamakura city, Kanagawa, 330-8503, Japan.
15 Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8, Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
16 Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Nihon University Hospital, 1-6 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
17 Department of Acute care and General Medicine, Saiseikai Kumamoto Hospital, 5-3-1, Chikami, minami-ku, Kumamoto city, Kumamoto, Japan.
18 Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba city, Chiba, Japan.
19 Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahimachi, Abenoku, Osaka city, Osaka, Japan.
20 Department of Critical Care Medicine University Hospital, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka, Japan.
21 Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, 143 Shimokasuya, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
22 Intensive Care Unit, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-cho, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
23 Division of Intensive Care, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki city, Nagasaki, Japan.
24 Department of General Medicine, Japanese Red Cross Akita Hospital, 222-1 Naeshirozawa, Saruta, Kamikitate, Akita City, 010-1406, Japan.
25 Department of Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan.
26 Emergency and Critical Care Center, Hokkaido University Hospital, N14W5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Japan.
27 Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 1-1, Iseigaoka, Yahata Nishi, KitaKyushu, Fukuoka, Japan.