Macronutrient intake in preschoolers with cystic fibrosis and the relationship between macronutrients and growth

J Cyst Fibros. 2017 Jul;16(4):519-524. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2017.01.010. Epub 2017 Feb 6.

Abstract

Background: Adequate nutrition is essential for growth in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). The new CF Foundation Clinical Practice Guidelines bring attention to monitoring macronutrient intake as well as total energy.

Methods: Dietary intake of 75 preschool children with CF and pancreatic insufficiency was examined and compared to the Clinical Practice Guidelines. Regression analyses examined relationships between macronutrient intake and growth.

Results: Approximately 45% of children met the 110% minimum recommended dietary allowance (RDA) recommendation. Children consumed 35.3% (6.1) of total daily energy intake from fat, 12.7% (1.7) from protein, and 52.0% (6.1) from carbohydrates. Percent energy from protein was associated with height growth.

Conclusions: Many preschoolers with CF are not meeting nutrition benchmarks for total energy and fat. To optimize nutrition early, dietary monitoring with frequent individualized feedback is needed. Optimizing intake of macronutrients that promote growth, especially fat and protein, should be a primary clinical target.

Keywords: Behavioral intervention; Children; Nutrition.

MeSH terms

  • Child Development / physiology
  • Child, Preschool
  • Cystic Fibrosis* / diagnosis
  • Cystic Fibrosis* / diet therapy
  • Cystic Fibrosis* / epidemiology
  • Cystic Fibrosis* / physiopathology
  • Diet Therapy / methods
  • Diet Therapy / standards
  • Dietary Carbohydrates / analysis*
  • Dietary Fats / analysis*
  • Dietary Proteins / analysis*
  • Energy Intake
  • Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency* / diagnosis
  • Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency* / epidemiology
  • Female
  • Growth / physiology
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Nutritional Status
  • Practice Guidelines as Topic
  • Recommended Dietary Allowances*
  • United States / epidemiology

Substances

  • Dietary Carbohydrates
  • Dietary Fats
  • Dietary Proteins