Hospitalization costs and clinical outcomes in CABG patients treated with intensive insulin therapy

J Diabetes Complications. 2017 Apr;31(4):742-747. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.01.003. Epub 2017 Jan 20.

Abstract

Background: The financial impact of intensive (blood glucose [BG] 100-140mg/dl [5.5-7.8mM] vs. conservative (141-180mg/dl (7.9-10.0mM) glucose control in the ICU in patients, with and without diabetes, undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is not known.

Methods: This post-hoc cost analysis determined differences in hospitalization costs, resource utilization and perioperative complications in 288 CABG patients with diabetes (n=143) and without diabetes (n=145), randomized to intensive (n=143) and conservative (n=145) glucose control.

Results: Intensive glucose control resulted in lower BG (131.4±14mg/dl-(7.2±0.8mM) vs. 151.6±17mg/dl (8.4±0.8mM, p<0.001), a nonsignificant reduction in the median length of stay (LOS, 7.9 vs. 8.5days, p=0.17) and in a composite of perioperative complications including wound infection, bacteremia, acute renal and respiratory failure, major cardiovascular events (42% vs 52%, p=0.10) compared to conservative control. Median hospitalization costs were lower in the intensive group ($39,366 vs. $42,141, p=0.040), with a total cost savings of $3654 (95% CI: $1780-$3723), than conservative control. Resource utilization for radiology (p=0.008), laboratory (p=0.014), consultation service (p=0.013), and ICU utilization (p=0.007) were also lower in the intensive group. Compared to patients without perioperative complications, those with complications had longer hospital length of stay (10.7days vs. 6.7days, p<0.001), higher total hospitalization cost ($48,299 vs. $32,675, p<0.001), and higher resource utilization units (2745 vs. 1710, p<0.001).

Conclusion: Intensive glycemic control [BG 100-140mg/dl (5.5-7.8mM)] in patients undergoing CABG resulted in significant reductions in hospitalization costs and resource utilization compared to patients treated with conservative [BG 141-180mg/dl (7.9-10.0mM)] glucose control.

Keywords: Algorithm; CABG; Diabetes mellitus; Health economics; Hyperglycemia; Surgery complications.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Academic Medical Centers
  • Aged
  • Blood Glucose / analysis
  • Coronary Artery Bypass / adverse effects*
  • Coronary Artery Bypass / economics
  • Coronary Artery Disease / complications
  • Coronary Artery Disease / economics
  • Coronary Artery Disease / surgery*
  • Cost Savings
  • Costs and Cost Analysis
  • Diabetes Mellitus / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus / drug therapy*
  • Diabetes Mellitus / economics
  • Diabetic Angiopathies / complications
  • Diabetic Angiopathies / economics
  • Diabetic Angiopathies / surgery*
  • Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / complications
  • Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / economics
  • Diabetic Cardiomyopathies / surgery
  • Drug Monitoring*
  • Female
  • Hospital Costs
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / administration & dosage
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / adverse effects
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / economics
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Insulin / administration & dosage
  • Insulin / adverse effects
  • Insulin / economics
  • Insulin / therapeutic use*
  • Insulin Infusion Systems / adverse effects
  • Insulin Infusion Systems / economics
  • Length of Stay
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Postoperative Complications / economics
  • Postoperative Complications / prevention & control
  • Postoperative Complications / therapy
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Insulin