Upper and Lower Tract Urothelial Imaging Using Computed Tomography Urography

Siva P Raman; Elliot K Fishman

doi:10.1016/j.rcl.2016.10.008

Upper and Lower Tract Urothelial Imaging Using Computed Tomography Urography

Radiol Clin North Am. 2017 Mar;55(2):225-241. doi: 10.1016/j.rcl.2016.10.008. Epub 2016 Nov 7.

Authors

Siva P Raman¹, Elliot K Fishman²

Affiliations

¹ Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, JHOC 3251, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA. Electronic address: srsraman3@gmail.com.
² Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, JHOC 3251, 601 North Caroline Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

PMID: 28126213
DOI: 10.1016/j.rcl.2016.10.008

Abstract

Computed tomography (CT) urography is the best noninvasive method of evaluating the upper urinary tract for urothelial malignancies. However, the utility of CT urography is heavily contingent on the use of proper image acquisition protocols. This article focuses on the appropriate protocols for optimizing CT urography acquisitions, including contrast administration and the timing of imaging acquisitions, as well as the use of ancillary techniques to increase collecting system distention. In addition, imaging findings are discussed that should raise concern for urothelial carcinoma at each of the 3 segments of the urinary tract: the intrarenal collecting systems, ureters, and bladder.

Keywords: Bladder; Computed tomography (CT); Kidney; Single-bolus; Split-bolus; Transitional cell carcinoma; Ureter.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Humans
Tomography, X-Ray Computed / methods*
Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging*
Urography / methods*
Urothelium / diagnostic imaging*