Objective: To describe household-level risk factors for secondary influenza-like illness (ILI), an important public health concern in the low-income population of Bangladesh.
Methods: Secondary analysis of control participants in a randomised controlled trial evaluating the effect of handwashing to prevent household ILI transmission. We recruited index-case patients with ILI - fever (<5 years); fever, cough or sore throat (≥5 years) - from health facilities, collected information on household factors and conducted syndromic surveillance among household contacts for 10 days after resolution of index-case patients' symptoms. We evaluated the associations between household factors at baseline and secondary ILI among household contacts using negative binomial regression, accounting for clustering by household.
Results: Our sample was 1491 household contacts of 184 index-case patients. Seventy-one percentage reported that smoking occurred in their home, 27% shared a latrine with one other household and 36% shared a latrine with >1 other household. A total of 114 household contacts (7.6%) had symptoms of ILI during follow-up. Smoking in the home (RRadj 1.9, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.0) and sharing a latrine with one household (RRadj 2.1, 95% CI: 1.2, 3.6) or >1 household (RRadj 3.1, 95% CI: 1.8-5.2) were independently associated with increased risk of secondary ILI.
Conclusion: Tobacco use in homes could increase respiratory illness in Bangladesh. The mechanism between use of shared latrines and household ILI transmission is not clear. It is possible that respiratory pathogens could be transmitted through faecal contact or contaminated fomites in shared latrines.
Objectif:
Décrire les facteurs de risque au niveau des ménages pour les maladies de type grippal (
Méthodes:
Analyse secondaire des participants témoins dans un essai contrôlé randomisé évaluant l'effet du lavage des mains pour éviter la transmission de
Résultats:
Notre échantillon était constitué de 1491 contacts de ménage de 184 patients indices. 71% ont déclaré que du tabac était fumé chez eux, 27% partageaient une latrine avec un autre ménage et 36% partageaient une latrine avec plus d'un ménage. Au total, 114 contacts de ménage (7.6%) avaient des symptômes de
Conclusion:
L'usage du tabac dans les ménages pourrait augmenter les maladies respiratoires au Bangladesh. Le mécanisme entre l'utilisation partagée de latrines et la transmission des
Mots‐clés: Influenza, Bangladesh, sanitaire, fumée de tabac ambiante, pollution de l'air, infections respiratoires.
Objetivo:
Describir los factores de riesgo en el hogar para enfermedades secundarias tipo influenza (
Métodos:
Análisis secundario de control de participantes en un ensayo aleatorizado y controlado que evalúa el efecto del lavado de manos para prevenir la transmisión de
Resultados:
Nuestra muestra era de 1491 contactos pertenecientes a los hogares de 184 pacientes primarios. Un 71% reportaron que en su hogar se fumaba, un 27% compartían letrina con 1 otro hogar y un 36% compartían una letrina con >1 hogar. Un total de 114 contactos de los hogares (7.6%) presentaron síntomas de
Conclusión:
El consumo de tabaco en los hogares podría aumentar la enfermedad respiratoria en Bangladesh. El mecanismo existente entre uso de letrinas compartidas y la transmisión de
Palabras clave: Influenza; Bangladesh; sanidad; humo de tabaco ambiental; polución del aire; infecciones respiratorias
Keywords: Bangladesh; air pollution; environmental tobacco smoke; influenza; respiratory infections; sanitation.
© 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.