Everolimus (RAD001) ameliorates vascular cognitive impairment by regulating microglial function via the mTORC1 signaling pathway

J Neuroimmunol. 2016 Oct 15:299:164-171. doi: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.09.008. Epub 2016 Sep 14.

Abstract

Vascular dementia (VaD) is a widely prevalent and devastating disease. Despite the tremendous complexity that limits understanding of the pathophysiology of VaD, microglial dysfunction has been attributed, in part, to immune microenviroment disorder and finally leads to cognitive deficits. Considered the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) is a key player in regulation of glial function, our work focused on whether the mTOR inhibitor everolimus (RAD001) could overcome the destructive microglial function, change the phenotype and ameliorate cognitive decline induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Strikingly, the results suggest that inhibition of the mTORC1 activity by RAD001 ameliorates VaD by restoring microglia's M1/M2 balance. Therefore, RAD001 may have promise as a therapy for VaD disease.

Keywords: Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion; Cognitive deficits; M1/M2 balance; RAD001; mTOR pathway.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cognitive Dysfunction / drug therapy*
  • Cognitive Dysfunction / metabolism
  • Dementia, Vascular / drug therapy*
  • Dementia, Vascular / metabolism
  • Everolimus / pharmacology
  • Everolimus / therapeutic use*
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / pharmacology
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Male
  • Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Microglia / drug effects*
  • Microglia / physiology
  • Multiprotein Complexes / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • Multiprotein Complexes / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Signal Transduction / physiology
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / antagonists & inhibitors*
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases / metabolism

Substances

  • Immunosuppressive Agents
  • Multiprotein Complexes
  • Everolimus
  • Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1
  • TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases