[Diagnosis and treatment of non-triggered single epileptic seizures]

Rev Neurol. 2016 Aug 16;63(4):165-75.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Epileptic seizures are one of the main reasons for neurological visits in an emergency department. Convulsions represent a traumatic event for the patient and the family, with significant medical and social consequences. Due to their prevalence and impact, the initial management is of vital importance. Although following the first epileptic seizure, early recurrence diminishes after establishing treatment with antiepileptic drugs, the forecast for developing epilepsy and long-term outcomes are not altered by any early intervention. Detailed questioning based on the symptoms of the convulsions, the patient's medical history and a full electroencephalogram and neuroimaging study make it possible to define the risk of recurrence of the seizure and the possible diagnosis of epilepsy. Epileptic abnormalities, the presence of old or new potentially epileptogenic brain lesions, as well as nocturnal seizures, increase the risk of recurrence. Physicians must assess each patient on an individual basis to determine the most suitable treatment, and explain the risk of not being treated versus the risk that exists if treatment with antiepileptic drugs is established.

Title: Diagnostico y tratamiento de la crisis epileptica unica no provocada.

Las crisis epilepticas son una de las principales causas de consulta neurologica en el servicio de urgencias. Un episodio convulsivo representa un evento traumatico para el paciente y la familia, con consecuencias medicas y sociales significativas. Por su prevalencia e impacto, el abordaje inicial es de vital importancia. Si bien despues de una primera crisis epileptica la recurrencia temprana disminuye con el inicio de farmacos antiepilepticos, el pronostico para el desarrollo de epilepsia y los desenlaces a largo plazo no se alteran por ninguna intervencion temprana. El interrogatorio detallado basado en la semiologia del episodio, los antecedentes del paciente y un estudio completo con electroencefalograma y neuroimagen permiten definir el riesgo de recurrencia de la crisis y el posible diagnostico de epilepsia. Las anormalidades epilepticas, la presencia de lesiones cerebrales con potencial epileptogeno antiguas o nuevas, asi como las crisis nocturnas, incrementan el riesgo de recurrencia. Los medicos deben evaluar a cada paciente de manera individual para determinar un tratamiento idoneo, explicando el riesgo de no tratar frente al riesgo existente con el inicio de farmacos antiepilepticos.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Anticonvulsants / therapeutic use
  • Electroencephalography
  • Epilepsy / diagnosis*
  • Epilepsy / therapy*
  • Humans
  • Recurrence
  • Seizures / diagnosis*
  • Seizures / therapy*

Substances

  • Anticonvulsants