Anorectal malformations are accompanied by associated anomalies in about 75%; their frequency and variety influence prognosis and survival rate. All kinds of associated anomalies are possible, but there are some typical combinations (like the Vater-association). In our series of 67 neonates (43 low and 24 high or intermediate atresias) we observed 64% of associated anomalies. They were more frequent in high or intermediate atresias (21 out of 24 cases). A low birth weight which is typical for this group affects the prognosis as well as the associated anomalies. 11 out of our 67 patients (= 16%) died; 11 of these weighed less than 2,500 g, and 3 even less than 1,800 g. Prematurity was the reason for the death of 4 neonates, 7 died because of associated anomalies.