Does breast screening offer a survival benefit? A retrospective comparative study of oncological outcomes of screen-detected and symptomatic early stage breast cancer cases

Eur J Surg Oncol. 2016 Dec;42(12):1814-1820. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2016.06.403. Epub 2016 Jul 9.

Abstract

Introduction: Mammography screening reduces breast cancer mortality by up to 32%. However, some recent studies have questioned the impact of non-palpable breast cancer detection on mortality reduction. The aim of this study was to analyse the clinicopathological and long-term follow-up data of early stage screened and symptomatic breast cancer patients.

Patients and method: The institutional prospectively led database was systematically analysed for breast cancer cases diagnosed via the mammography screening program from 2002 to 2009. As a control group, symptomatic early stage breast cancer patients were collected randomly from the same database and matched for age and follow-up period. All medical records were reviewed retrospectively.

Results: Data from 298 breast cancer patients were collected from 47,718 mammography screenings. In addition, 331 symptomatic breast cancer patients were randomly selected. The screened group presented a significantly lower median tumour size (P < 0.00001). The incidence of negative regional lymph nodes was significantly higher in the screened group (P < 0.0006). The incidence of chemotherapy was 17% higher in the symptomatic group (P = 4*10-5). At the median follow-up of 65 and 80 months, the screened group did not exhibit better overall (P = 0.717) or disease-free survival (P = 0.081) compared to the symptomatic group.

Conclusion: Our results do not suggest that mammography screening does not reduce breast cancer mortality but the mammography screening did not bring any significant improvement in patient overall or disease-free survival for the early stage breast cancer patients compared to the symptomatic group. The drawback of symptomatic early stage tumours compared to non-palpable tumours could be equalized by modern multimodality oncology treatments.

Keywords: Breast neoplasms; Mass screening; Mortality; Survival.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Aged
  • Asymptomatic Diseases
  • Breast Carcinoma In Situ / diagnostic imaging
  • Breast Carcinoma In Situ / mortality
  • Breast Carcinoma In Situ / pathology
  • Breast Carcinoma In Situ / therapy
  • Breast Neoplasms / diagnostic imaging*
  • Breast Neoplasms / mortality
  • Breast Neoplasms / pathology
  • Breast Neoplasms / therapy
  • Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / diagnostic imaging*
  • Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / mortality
  • Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast / therapy
  • Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / diagnostic imaging*
  • Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / mortality
  • Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating / therapy
  • Carcinoma, Lobular / diagnostic imaging*
  • Carcinoma, Lobular / mortality
  • Carcinoma, Lobular / pathology
  • Carcinoma, Lobular / therapy
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Databases, Factual
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Early Detection of Cancer*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lymph Nodes / pathology
  • Mammography*
  • Middle Aged
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Tumor Burden