Gastro-oesophageal reflux in large-sized, deep-chested versus small-sized, barrel-chested dogs undergoing spinal surgery in sternal recumbency

Vet Anaesth Analg. 2017 Jan;44(1):35-41. doi: 10.1111/vaa.12404. Epub 2017 Feb 23.

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether an increased frequency of gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) is more common in large-sized, deep-chested dogs undergoing spinal surgery in sternal recumbency than in small-sized, barrelchested dogs.

Study design: Prospective, cohort study.

Animals: Nineteen small-sized, barrel-chested dogs (group B) and 26 large-sized, deep-chested dogs (group D).

Methods: All animals were premedicated with intramuscular (IM) acepromazine (0.05 mg kg-1) and pethidine (3 mg kg-1) IM. Anaesthesia was induced with intravenous sodium thiopental and maintained with halothane in oxygen. Lower oesophageal pH was monitored continuously after induction of anaesthesia. Gastro-oesophageal reflux was considered to have occurred whenever pH values > 7.5 or < 4 were recorded. If GOR was detected during anaesthesia, measures were taken to avoid aspiration of gastric contents into the lungs and to prevent the development of oesophagitis/oesophageal stricture.

Results: The frequency of GOR during anaesthesia was significantly higher in group D (6/26 dogs; 23.07%) than in group B (0/19 dogs; 0%) (p = 0.032). Signs indicative of aspiration pneumonia, oesophagitis or oesophageal stricture were not reported in any of the GOR cases.

Conclusions and clinical relevance: In large-sized, deep-chested dogs undergoing spinal surgery in sternal recumbency, it would seem prudent to consider measures aimed at preventing GOR and its potentially devastating consequences (oesophagitis/oesophageal stricture, aspiration pneumonia).

Keywords: deep chest; dog; gastro-oesophageal reflux; oesophagitis; sternal recumbency.

MeSH terms

  • Anesthesia / methods
  • Anesthesia / veterinary
  • Animals
  • Body Size*
  • Dog Diseases / etiology*
  • Dogs
  • Female
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux / epidemiology
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux / etiology
  • Gastroesophageal Reflux / veterinary*
  • Halothane
  • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
  • Male
  • Patient Positioning / methods
  • Patient Positioning / veterinary*
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology
  • Postoperative Complications / etiology
  • Postoperative Complications / veterinary*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Thiopental

Substances

  • Thiopental
  • Halothane