Noradrenergic innervation of human pineal gland: abnormalities in aging and Alzheimer's disease

Brain Res. 1989 Mar 6;481(2):378-82. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(89)90818-4.

Abstract

Using previously characterized polyclonal antibody directed against dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH), immunoreactive fibers were demonstrable in pineals of 6 controls of various ages and of 3 individuals with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Abnormal, swollen axons were present in pineals from aged individuals and from individuals with AD. The pathology of noradrenergic axons in a structure innervated by the superior cervical ganglion suggests that peripheral noradrenergic systems may be affected in aging and in AD.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adrenergic Fibers / pathology
  • Adrenergic Fibers / physiology*
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aging / metabolism
  • Aging / pathology
  • Aging / physiology*
  • Alzheimer Disease / metabolism*
  • Alzheimer Disease / pathology
  • Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase / metabolism
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pineal Gland / growth & development
  • Pineal Gland / innervation*
  • Pineal Gland / pathology

Substances

  • Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase