The treatments of lung cancer have progressed significantly during the past ten years through the enhanced understanding of the underlying biological processes. Treatment outcomes have become better in the era of targeted treatments, but these new treatments are more expensive than their predecessors. Cost-effectiveness of the new treatments has been widely evaluated internationally. Nevertheless, the results from these analyses have been contradictory. Based on the published evaluations it is neither possible to rank the new treatments nor is it possible to unambiguously claim the cost-effectiveness of the new treatments compared with traditional treatments. National cost-effectiveness analyses of lung cancer treatments have not been published in Finland.