We present in this article data on the prevalence and risk of complications in patients with diabetes and hypertension. From the standpoint of current guidelines on the management of arterial hypertension we consider problems of target blood pressure levels and choice of antihypertensive drugs in patients with diabetes, including those with diabetic nephropathy. We also present results of long-term observation of participants of the ADVANCE trial that have shown that reduction of mortality achieved because of antihypertensive therapy in the randomized study persisted throughout follow-up. Discussion of possible mechanisms of this phenomenon and the advantages of fixed perindopril/indapamide combination is presented as well.