Abstract
Side effects of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) treatment vary in children and adults with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). As children have a much longer life expectancy than adults, TKI therapy may continue for decades and with long-term consequences that differ from adults. Children may develop endocrinopathies related to "off-target" effects of TKIs, such as delayed growth, changes in bone metabolism, thyroid abnormalities, and effects on puberty and fertility. These endocrinopathies present additional challenges for pediatric patients with CML. This review critically evaluates the literature on long-term endocrine side effects of TKIs in the pediatric CML population and provides suggested recommendations.
Keywords:
CML; TKI; children; endocrine; growth.
© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MeSH terms
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Adrenal Glands / drug effects
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Aniline Compounds / adverse effects
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Aniline Compounds / therapeutic use
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Antineoplastic Agents / adverse effects
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Antineoplastic Agents / therapeutic use
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Bone Remodeling / drug effects
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Child
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Dasatinib / adverse effects
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Dasatinib / therapeutic use
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Endocrine System / drug effects*
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Endocrine System / pathology*
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Endocrine System Diseases / chemically induced*
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Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl / antagonists & inhibitors
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Glucose Metabolism Disorders / chemically induced
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Humans
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Imatinib Mesylate / adverse effects
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Imatinib Mesylate / therapeutic use
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Imidazoles / adverse effects
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Imidazoles / therapeutic use
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Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive / drug therapy*
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Nitriles / adverse effects
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Nitriles / therapeutic use
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors / adverse effects*
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
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Pyridazines / adverse effects
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Pyridazines / therapeutic use
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Pyrimidines / adverse effects
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Pyrimidines / therapeutic use
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Quinolines / adverse effects
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Quinolines / therapeutic use
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Thyroid Gland / drug effects
Substances
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Aniline Compounds
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Antineoplastic Agents
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BCR-ABL1 fusion protein, human
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Imidazoles
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Nitriles
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Protein Kinase Inhibitors
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Pyridazines
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Pyrimidines
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Quinolines
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ponatinib
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bosutinib
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Imatinib Mesylate
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Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl
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nilotinib
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Dasatinib