Clinical outcomes in a high nursing ratio ward setting for children with obstructive sleep apnea at high risk after adenotonsillectomy

Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016 Mar:82:54-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.12.023. Epub 2016 Jan 4.

Abstract

Background: In 2012 clinical management of children having adenotonsillectomy (AT) for suspected obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) at our tertiary centre changed based on previous research: children with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) at increased risk of post-operative respiratory adverse events (AE) identified using home overnight oximetry or polysomnography (PSG) were managed post-operatively in a high nurse/patient ratio unit in the ward (high acuity unit, HAU) rather than in the intensive care unit (ICU) as previously.

Objectives: To examine the post-operative respiratory AE post AT in HAU.

Methods: A retrospective audit was performed of children having AT on the HAU list from Oct 2012-Sept 2014, identifying clinical information, pre-operative testing for OSA and post-operative course.

Results: 343 children underwent elective adenotonsillectomy at our tertiary centre in the study period, of whom 79 had surgery on the HAU list (16F; median age 4.2year (range 1.2-14.7); median weight-for-age centile 77.9% (IQR 44-98.7%)). 75 had moderate/severe OSA by oximetry (n=44) or PSG (n=31) criteria. 77 of 79 children had oxygen therapy in the recovery room (median 20min, IQR 15-40min). 18 (23%) had at least one AE outside the recovery room, which were observed (n=2) or treated with oxygen therapy (n=14) or repositioning (n=2). Obesity increased the risk of an AE (10/25 obese vs 8/54 non obese, p=0.01), as did the presence of a major comorbidity (5/9 with comorbidity vs 13/70 without, p=0.03). There were no admissions from the HAU to ICU. 63 patients (83%) stayed only one night in hospital (median 1d, range 1-5d).

Conclusions: In a cohort of children with known moderate-severe OSA, post-operative AE after AT were all managed in the HAU. Post-operative care in HAU provides safe and effective care for high-risk children post-AT, minimizing admissions to ICU.

Keywords: Child; Complications; Obstructive sleep apnea; Tonsillectomy.

MeSH terms

  • Adenoidectomy*
  • Adolescent
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Clinical Audit
  • Comorbidity
  • Female
  • Hospital Units*
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Nursing Staff, Hospital
  • Obesity / complications
  • Oximetry
  • Oxygen Inhalation Therapy
  • Postoperative Care / nursing*
  • Recovery Room
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / complications
  • Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / nursing*
  • Sleep Apnea, Obstructive / surgery*
  • Tonsillectomy*