Thyroid side effects prophylaxis in front of nuclear power plant accidents

Ann Endocrinol (Paris). 2016 Feb;77(1):1-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2015.12.003. Epub 2016 Jan 29.

Abstract

The better knowledge of the mechanisms of nuclear incidents and lessons learned from accidents in the recent past to improve the effectiveness of measures taken following a nuclear accident exposure to fallout of radioactive iodine isotopes. Thus, immediate, passive measures, such as containment, and stopping consumption of contaminated products are paramount. The earliest possible administration of stable iodine as potassium iodide (KI) reduces significantly (up to 90% if taken at the same time of the accident) thyroid radioactive contamination. These tablets should be given in priority to children and pregnant women. The side effects are minor. KI is not recommended for persons aged over 60 years, or for adults suffering from cardiovascular disorders.

Keywords: Accident nucléaire; Cancer; Iode; Iodine; Nuclear power plant accident; Thyroid; Thyroïde.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Chernobyl Nuclear Accident
  • Child
  • Child, Preschool
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Infant
  • Infant, Newborn
  • Iodine Radioisotopes / adverse effects*
  • Nuclear Power Plants*
  • Potassium Iodide / administration & dosage
  • Potassium Iodide / adverse effects
  • Potassium Iodide / therapeutic use
  • Pregnancy
  • Radioactive Fallout / adverse effects
  • Radioactive Hazard Release*
  • Thyroid Diseases / etiology*
  • Thyroid Diseases / prevention & control*
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / etiology
  • Thyroid Neoplasms / prevention & control

Substances

  • Iodine Radioisotopes
  • Radioactive Fallout
  • Potassium Iodide