Future therapies for pemphigus vulgaris: Rituximab and beyond

J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016 Apr;74(4):746-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.11.008. Epub 2016 Jan 11.

Abstract

The conventional treatment for patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) centers on global immunosuppression, such as the use of steroids and other immunosuppressive drugs, to decrease titers of antidesmoglein autoantibodies responsible for the acantholytic blisters. Global immunosuppressants, however, cause serious side effects. The emergence of anti-CD20 biologic medications, such as rituximab, as an adjunct to conventional therapy has shifted the focus to targeted destruction of autoimmune B cells. Next-generation biologic medications with improved modes of delivery, pharmacology, and side effect profiles are constantly being developed, adding to the diversity of options for PV treatment. We review promising monoclonal antibodies, including veltuzumab, obinutuzumab (GA-101), ofatumumab, ocaratuzumab (AME-133v), PRO131921, and belimumab.

Keywords: anti-CD20; autoimmune; biologics; blistering diseases; desmoglein; desmosomes; immunomodulators; immunosuppression; monoclonal antibodies; pemphigus vulgaris; rituximab.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / adverse effects
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal / therapeutic use
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / adverse effects
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized / therapeutic use*
  • Biological Products / adverse effects
  • Biological Products / therapeutic use*
  • Cohort Studies
  • Female
  • Forecasting
  • Humans
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / adverse effects
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Male
  • Pemphigus / diagnosis*
  • Pemphigus / drug therapy*
  • Prognosis
  • Prospective Studies
  • Risk Assessment
  • Rituximab / adverse effects
  • Rituximab / therapeutic use
  • Treatment Outcome

Substances

  • Antibodies, Monoclonal
  • Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
  • Biological Products
  • Immunosuppressive Agents
  • Rituximab
  • belimumab
  • veltuzumab
  • ofatumumab
  • obinutuzumab