Primary varicose veins in the lower limb are usually well evaluated by the surgeon, who avails himself of tourniquet tests and Doppler US. However, the operation is often followed by failure or recurrence, or else it requires ugly skin dissection to eradicate an unforeseeably complicated varicose vein. We suggest that, whenever the surgeon considers the information obtained with tests and Doppler US inadequate for planning surgery, varicography be performed to get further morphological (and functional) data about the origin of varicose veins, which is of fundamental importance for an accurate surgical planning (cross-section stripping, ligation, sclerosis). Out of 100 varicographies consecutively carried out on patients in whom clinical examination was not conclusive, 62% allowed an already planned surgical approach to be changed. The figure rose to 100% in case of unusual varicose veins. Such a result allowed the needs of both the surgeon (selectivity, effectiveness, radicality) and the patient (narrow scars, absence of relapse) to be respected. Furthermore, it has been pointed out that some vein segments are often only pathological, and they are to be adequately treated, while others can be undamaged, and they are to be preserved for both their function and an eventual by-pass surgery. Varicography is rapidly performed, without complications, and is well accepted by the patient. It is a fundamental help in the preoperative study of primary varicose veins, especially in case of unusual ones, whenever the surgeon is in the slightest diagnostic--and therefore surgical--doubt.