Immune-mediated statin myopathy

Expert Rev Clin Immunol. 2016;12(1):33-8. doi: 10.1586/1744666X.2016.1103181. Epub 2015 Oct 30.

Abstract

Statin-induced necrotizing autoimmune myopathy (SINAM) is associated with a unique clinical 5 phenotype of severe proximal muscle weakness during or after exposure to statins in patients with high creatine kinase (CK) levels. Electromyography (EMG) and muscle biopsy reveal features of a necrotizing myopathy and the anti-HMGCR autoantibody is frequently detected. Treatment requires a combination of statin discontinuation as well as immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive therapy. HLA typing (HLADRB1*1101) is strongly associated with anti-10 HMGCR autoantibody positivity in statin-exposed patients. It is well documented that statin triggers autoimmune disease in those with a genetic susceptibility. With the commercial availability of an accurate ELISA test, the natural history of the disease and its phenotypic features are becoming increasingly understood.

Keywords: anti HMGCR antibody; autoimmune; hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl-Co-A reductase; necrotizing myopathy; statin.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Antibodies / metabolism
  • Autoimmune Diseases / chemically induced
  • Autoimmune Diseases / drug therapy
  • Autoimmune Diseases / immunology*
  • Genetic Predisposition to Disease
  • HLA Antigens / genetics
  • Humans
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / adverse effects
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / immunology
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / therapeutic use*
  • Immunologic Tests
  • Immunosuppressive Agents / therapeutic use
  • Muscular Diseases / chemically induced
  • Muscular Diseases / drug therapy
  • Muscular Diseases / immunology*
  • Polymorphism, Genetic

Substances

  • Antibodies
  • HLA Antigens
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
  • Immunosuppressive Agents