1 Aberdeen Centre for Environmental Sustainability (ACES), School of Biological Sciences, Auris, University of Aberdeen, 23 St. Machar Drive, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK. r.vanderwal@abdn.ac.uk.
2 Forest and Nature Conservation Policy Group, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands. koen.arts@wur.nl.
3 Centro de Pesquisa do Pantanal, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, CEP: 78.068-360, Brazil. koen.arts@wur.nl.