Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome Secondary to Mycobacterium kansasii Infection in a Kidney Transplant Recipient

Am J Transplant. 2015 Dec;15(12):3255-8. doi: 10.1111/ajt.13433. Epub 2015 Sep 15.

Abstract

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infection is a challenging diagnosis for clinicians in solid organ transplantation. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is so far unreported in this context. We report here the case of a renal transplant recipient who developed Mycobacterium kansasii-associated lymphadenitis complicated by IRIS while undergoing reduction of his immunosuppressive therapy. For IRIS, the patient required low-dose steroids and an increase in global immunosuppression, in association with NTM antibiotherapy.

Keywords: antibiotic: antibacterial; clinical research / practice; complication: infectious; immunosuppressive regimens; infection; infectious disease; kidney (allograft) function / dysfunction; kidney transplantation / nephrology; mycobacterial: nontuberculous.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Glomerular Filtration Rate
  • Graft Survival
  • Humans
  • Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / diagnosis
  • Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome / etiology*
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / microbiology*
  • Kidney Failure, Chronic / surgery
  • Kidney Function Tests
  • Kidney Transplantation / adverse effects*
  • Male
  • Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / complications*
  • Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous / microbiology
  • Mycobacterium kansasii / pathogenicity*
  • Postoperative Complications*
  • Prognosis
  • Risk Factors
  • Transplant Recipients