Background: Pralatrexate (PDX) is an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase that was rationally designed to improve cellular uptake and retention of the drug. Preclinical data have shown synergy with the sequential administration of a dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor followed 24 hours later by 5-fluorouracil (5-FU).
Methods: Twenty-seven patients were enrolled at 1 of 5 PDX dose levels from 75 to 185 mg/m(2) on day 1 followed 24 hours later by 5-FU at a dose of 3000 mg/m(2) /48 hours every 2 weeks with folic acid and vitamin B12 supplementation. Baseline blood was collected for pharmacogenetic analysis of polymorphisms of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase.
Results: Mucositis was the most common dose-limiting toxicity. When the worst toxicities across all cycles were considered, grade 3 to 4 neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia were found to have occurred in 14.8%, 14.8%, and 0% of patients, respectively. Grade 2 to 3 toxicities included mucositis (66.6%), dehydration (33.3%), fatigue (25.9%), and diarrhea (22.2%). Version 3.0 of the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria was used to grade toxicities The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 112 days (range, 28-588 days). Seven patients (26%) had a PFS of >180 days (5 patients with colorectal cancer, 1 patient with pancreatic cancer, and 1 patient with non-small cell lung cancer). Polymorphisms in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase did not correlate with toxicity.
Conclusions: The recommended dose of PDX was 148 mg/m(2) . A subset of heavily pretreated patients had PFS durations of ≥6 months with this regimen.
Keywords: 5-fluorouracil; antineoplastic antimetabolites; clinical trials; folic acid antagonists; methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; pharmacogenetics; phase 1; pralatrexate; thymidylate synthase.
© 2015 American Cancer Society.