XPR1: a Gene Linked to Primary Familial Brain Calcification Might Help Explain a Spectrum of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

J Mol Neurosci. 2015 Dec;57(4):519-21. doi: 10.1007/s12031-015-0631-5. Epub 2015 Aug 1.

Abstract

Primary familial brain calcifications (PFBC) compose a rare neurologic condition characterized by a bilateral pattern of hydroxyapatite deposits in basal ganglia, dentate nuclei, and thalamus. PFBC is identified through neuroimaging screenings such as computerized tomography. Patients with PFBC might present a wide variety of neurological symptoms such as mental and motor impairments, often misdiagnosed as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, Alzheimer's disease, and migraine. Four genes were confirmed as causative of PFBC: SLC20A2, PDGFB, PDGFRB, and XPR1. Curiously, other studies made occasional links between XPR1 variations or expression changes, in a few neuropsychiatric models. This letter is an assembly on XPR1 variants and expression change pattern data that were published in recent scientific reports, even before the current connection between that gene and brain calcification.

Keywords: Brain calcification; Dementia; PFBC; Schizophrenia; XPR1.

Publication types

  • Letter

MeSH terms

  • Brain / pathology*
  • Calcinosis / genetics*
  • Humans
  • Mental Disorders / genetics*
  • Mental Disorders / pathology
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases / genetics*
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases / pathology
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled / genetics*
  • Receptors, Virus / genetics*
  • Xenotropic and Polytropic Retrovirus Receptor

Substances

  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  • Receptors, Virus
  • XPR1 protein, human
  • Xenotropic and Polytropic Retrovirus Receptor