Patch testing to a textile dye mix by the international contact dermatitis research group

Dermatitis. 2015 Jul-Aug;26(4):170-6. doi: 10.1097/DER.0000000000000125.

Abstract

Background: Disperse dyes are well-known contact sensitizers not included in the majority of commercially available baseline series.

Objective: To investigate the outcome of patch testing to a textile dye mix (TDM) consisting of 8 disperse dyes.

Methods: Two thousand four hundred ninety-three consecutive dermatitis patients in 9 dermatology clinics were patch tested with a TDM 6.6%, consisting of Disperse (D) Blue 35, D Yellow 3, D Orange 1 and 3, D Red 1 and 17, all 1.0% each, and D Blue 106 and D Blue 124, each 0.3%. 90 reacted positively to the TDM. About 92.2% of the patients allergic to the TDM were also tested with the 8 separate dyes.

Results: Contact allergy to TDM was found in 3.6% (1.3-18.2) Simultaneous reactivity to p-phenylenediamine was found in 61.1% of the TDM-positive patients. Contact allergy to TDM and not to other p-amino-substituted sensitizers was diagnosed in 1.2%. The most frequent dye allergen in the TDM-positive patients was D Orange 3.

Conclusions: Over 30% of the TDM allergic patients had been missed if only the international baseline series was tested. Contact allergy to TDM could explain or contribute to dermatitis in over 20% of the patients. Textile dye mix should be considered for inclusion into the international baseline series.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Anthraquinones / adverse effects
  • Azo Compounds / adverse effects
  • Child
  • Coloring Agents / adverse effects*
  • Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / diagnosis
  • Dermatitis, Allergic Contact / etiology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Patch Tests
  • Phenylenediamines / adverse effects
  • Textiles
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Anthraquinones
  • Azo Compounds
  • Coloring Agents
  • Phenylenediamines
  • Dispersion Yellow 3
  • disperse blue 35
  • Disperse Orange 1
  • Disperse Red 1
  • Disperse Blue 124
  • Disperse Orange 3
  • disperse blue 106
  • 4-phenylenediamine