Risk of Nursing Home Admission After Femoral Fracture Compared With Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, and Pneumonia

Abstract

Objective: To analyze the burden of institutionalizations after femoral fracture and compare it with other "catastrophic" disease entities like stroke, myocardial infarction, or pneumonia.

Design/setting/participants: Routine data of 414,000 hospitalized German patients aged 66 years and older were used to calculate institutionalization risks after femoral fracture, stroke, myocardial infarction, pneumonia or a combined group of "all other hospitalizations."

Measurements: Institutionalization was defined as nursing home admission within 6 months after discharge from hospital. Age- and sex-specific incidence and incidence rates of institutionalization were calculated. To compare the risk of institutionalization between the disease entities, age-standardized rates were computed and proportional hazards models were applied. In-house mortality and mortality after discharge from hospital were also calculated.

Results: The risk of institutionalization increased exponentially with age in all disease entities. For example, the risk of institutionalization after femoral fracture increased from 3.6% in women aged 65 to 69 years to 34.8% in women aged 95 years and older. The highest institutionalization rates were observed in patients with stroke, followed by femoral fracture, pneumonia, and myocardial infarction. In men, the age-standardized risk of institutionalization was almost as high after femoral fracture as after stroke (7.5% vs 8.0%). In contrast to myocardial infarction and pneumonia, femoral fracture and stroke were more likely to be followed by institutionalization rather than death.

Conclusion: Femoral fractures result in high burden of institutionalizations. Prevention of falls, diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis, and high-quality rehabilitation are challenges to tackle the burden of institutionalization in these patients in the future.

Keywords: Femoral fractures; institutionalization; myocardial infarction; nursing homes; pneumonia; stroke.