Longer right to left ventricular activation delay at cardiac resynchronization therapy implantation is associated with improved clinical outcome in left bundle branch block patients

Abstract

Aims: Data on longer right to left ventricular activation delay (RV-LV AD) predicting clinical outcome after cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) by left bundle branch block (LBBB) are limited. We aimed to evaluate the impact of RV-LV AD on N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), ejection fraction (EF), and clinical outcome in patients implanted with CRT, stratified by LBBB at baseline.

Methods and results: Heart failure (HF) patients undergoing CRT implantation with EF ≤ 35% and QRS ≥ 120 ms were evaluated based on their RV-LV AD at implantation. Baseline and 6-month clinical parameters, EF, and NT-proBNP values were assessed. The primary endpoint was HF or death, the secondary endpoint was all-cause mortality. A total of 125 patients with CRT were studied, 62% had LBBB. During the median follow-up of 2.2 years, 44 (35%) patients had HF/death, 36 (29%) patients died. Patients with RV-LV AD ≥ 86 ms (lower quartile) had significantly lower risk of HF/death [hazard ratio (HR): 0.44; 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.23-0.82; P = 0.001] and all-cause mortality (HR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.23-1.00; P = 0.05), compared with those with RV-LV AD < 86 ms. Patients with RV-LV AD ≥ 86 ms and LBBB showed the greatest improvement in EF (28-36%; P<0.001), NT-proBNP (2771-1216 ng/mL; P < 0.001), and they had better HF-free survival (HR: 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11-0.49, P < 0.001) and overall survival (HR: 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16-0.75; P = 0.007). There was no difference in outcome by RV-LV AD in non-LBBB patients.

Conclusion: Left bundle branch block patients with longer RV-LV activation delay at CRT implantation had greater improvement in NT-proBNP, EF, and significantly better clinical outcome.

Keywords: Cardiac resynchronization therapy response; Clinical response; RV-LV activation delay.