Antibody responses of Chlamydophila pneumoniae pneumonia: Why is the diagnosis of C. pneumoniae pneumonia difficult?

J Infect Chemother. 2015 Jul;21(7):497-501. doi: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.03.003. Epub 2015 Mar 12.

Abstract

The ELNAS Plate Chlamydophila pneumoniae commercial test kit for the detection of anti-C. pneumoniae-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA and IgG antibodies has become available in Japan recently. To determine the optimum serum collection point for the ELNAS plate in the diagnosis of C. pneumoniae pneumonia, we analyzed the kinetics of the antibody response in patients with laboratory-confirmed C. pneumoniae pneumonia. We enrolled five C. pneumoniae pneumonia cases and collected sera from patients for several months. The kinetics of the IgM and IgG antibody responses were similar among the five patients. Significant increases in IgM and IgG antibody titer between paired sera were observed in all patients. IgM antibodies appeared approximately 2-3 weeks after the onset of illness, reached a peak after 4-5 weeks, and were generally undetectable after 3-5 months. IgG antibodies developed slowly for the first 30 days and reached a plateau approximately 3-4 months after the onset of illness. The kinetics of IgA antibody responses were different among the five patients, and significant increases in IgA antibody titer between paired sera were observed in only two patients. Although the sample size was small, the best serum collection time seemed to be approximately 3-6 weeks after onset of illness when using a single serum sample for the detection of IgM antibodies. Paired sera samples should be obtained at least 4 weeks apart. IgA antibody analysis using ELNAS may not be a useful marker for acute C. pneumoniae pneumonia.

Keywords: Antibody response; Chlamydophila pneumoniae; ELNAS plate; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Antibodies, Bacterial / blood*
  • Chlamydophila Infections / diagnosis*
  • Chlamydophila Infections / immunology*
  • Chlamydophila Infections / microbiology
  • Chlamydophila pneumoniae / immunology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunoglobulins / blood
  • Japan
  • Male
  • Pneumonia, Bacterial / diagnosis*
  • Pneumonia, Bacterial / immunology*
  • Pneumonia, Bacterial / microbiology
  • Prospective Studies
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Antibodies, Bacterial
  • Immunoglobulins