Nomograms for predicting the prognosis of stage IV colorectal cancer after curative resection: a multicenter retrospective study

Eur J Surg Oncol. 2015 Apr;41(4):457-65. doi: 10.1016/j.ejso.2015.01.026. Epub 2015 Feb 7.

Abstract

Purpose: Although stage IV colorectal cancer (CRC) encompasses a wide variety of clinical conditions with diverse prognoses, no statistical model for predicting the postoperative prognosis of stage IV CRC has been established. Thus, we here aimed to construct a predictive model for disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) after curative surgery for stage IV CRC using nomograms.

Methods: The study included 1133 stage IV CRC patients who underwent curative surgical resection in 19 institutions. Patients were divided into derivation (n = 586) and validation (n = 547) groups. Nomograms to predict the 1- and 3-year DFS rates and the 3- and 5-year OS rates were constructed using the derivation set. Calibration plots were constructed, and concordance indices (c-indices) were calculated. The predictive utility of the nomogram was validated in the validation set.

Results: The postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, depth of tumor invasion (T factor), lymph node metastasis (N factor), and number of metastatic organs were adopted as variables for the DFS-predicting nomogram, whereas the postoperative CEA level, T factor, N factor, and peritoneal dissemination were adopted for the nomogram to predict OS. The nomograms showed moderate calibration, with c-indices of 0.629 and 0.640 in the derivation set and 0.604 and 0.637 in the validation set for DFS and OS, respectively.

Conclusions: The nomograms developed were capable of estimating the probability of DFS and OS on the basis of only 4 variables, and may represent useful tools for postoperative surveillance of stage IV CRC patients in routine practice.

Keywords: Colorectal cancer; Curative resection; Nomogram; Prognosis; Stage IV.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Adenocarcinoma / blood
  • Adenocarcinoma / secondary*
  • Adenocarcinoma / surgery*
  • Adolescent
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Calibration
  • Carcinoembryonic Antigen / blood
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / blood
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / surgery*
  • Disease-Free Survival
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Lymphatic Metastasis
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Nomograms*
  • Peritoneal Neoplasms / secondary*
  • Probability
  • Retrospective Studies
  • Survival Rate
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Carcinoembryonic Antigen