Photon upconversion lithography is demonstrated for the patterning of proteins using near-infrared light. Proteins and an upconverting-nanoparticle-decorated substrate are linked via blue-light-cleavable Ru complexes. The substrate is irradiated using near-infrared light with a photomask. In the exposed areas, upconverting nanoparticles convert the near-infrared light into blue light, which induces cleavage of the Ru complexes and release of the proteins.
Keywords: nanoparticles; photocages; photopatterning; protein adsorption; upconversion.
© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.