Multifocal phaeohyphomycosis caused by Exophiala xenobiotica in a kidney transplant recipient

Abstract

In recent years, black fungi have been increasingly reported as causing opportunistic infections after solid organ transplantation. Here, we report a case of insidious, relentless, and multifocal Exophiala xenobiotica infection in a kidney transplant recipient that eventually required multiple surgical excisions along with oral and intravenous antifungal combination therapy using liposomal amphotericin B and posaconazole. We compare the present case with all previously reported cases of Exophiala infection after kidney transplantation.

Keywords: Exophiala; antimycotic therapy; black fungi; kidney transplant recipient; phaeohyphomycosis.