Hemi-hypoglossal nerve transfer for obstetric brachial plexus palsy: report of 3 cases

J Hand Surg Am. 2015 Mar;40(3):448-51. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2014.11.018. Epub 2015 Jan 21.

Abstract

Use of the entire hypoglossal nerve for nerve transfer in obstetric palsy is not recommended because of major donor nerve morbidity in terms of feeding and speech problems. We used a hemi-hypoglossal nerve transfer for biceps reinnervation in obstetric palsy in 3 infants with multiple root avulsions. Two of the 3 infants recovered normal or near-normal elbow flexion. There was no donor nerve morbidity in terms of feeding. Speech was assessed at age 20 to 27 months and was appropriate for age, which indicates that early speech development (speech intelligibility and articulation) were not affected. However, phonological development (expected to develop by age 3 y) and full consonant development (expected to be complete by age 5 y) could not be assessed because all children were younger than age 3 years at final follow-up. Our results confirm the relative safety of using a hemi-hypoglossal nerve transfer in infants. The transfer deserves study in a larger series and with longer follow-up, particularly regarding speech development.

Keywords: Obstetric palsy; brachial plexus; hypoglossal nerve.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / etiology
  • Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / physiopathology
  • Brachial Plexus Neuropathies / surgery*
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Hypoglossal Nerve / surgery
  • Hypoglossal Nerve / transplantation*
  • Infant
  • Male
  • Nerve Regeneration / physiology*
  • Nerve Transfer / methods*
  • Paralysis, Obstetric / complications*
  • Paralysis, Obstetric / diagnosis
  • Paralysis, Obstetric / surgery
  • Recovery of Function
  • Risk Assessment
  • Sampling Studies
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Transplant Donor Site / physiopathology
  • Treatment Outcome