Urine creatinine-based estimates of fat-free mass in community-dwelling older persons: the Rancho Bernardo study

J Ren Nutr. 2015 Mar;25(2):97-102. doi: 10.1053/j.jrn.2014.07.005. Epub 2014 Sep 11.

Abstract

Objectives: To determine whether a previously developed and externally validated equation using common variables (demographics and weight) that are important determinants of muscle mass to estimate 24-hour urine creatinine excretion rate (eCER) is associated with muscle mass and whether spot urine creatinine (UCr) provides similar estimates of muscle mass.

Design: Observational cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting: The Rancho Bernardo Study, San Diego, California.

Subjects: A total of 1,371 Caucasian, middle class, community-dwelling older adults.

Intervention: Morning spot UCr and fat-free mass (FFM) by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry were measured. eCER was calculated: eCER (mg/day) = 879.89 + 12.51 × weight (kilogram) - 6.19 × age + 34.51 if black - 379.42 if female. Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression were used to determine strengths of association of eCER and spot UCr with FFM.

Results: Mean age was 70 years, and 58% were women. eCER was strongly correlated with FFM (r = 0.95, P < .001), a correlation that was superior to that of spot UCr (r = 0.40, P < .001).

Conclusions: An equation incorporating age, weight, sex, and race to estimate eCER is highly correlated with FFM in community-dwelling older persons and provides a more precise estimate than spot UCr. A simple screening tool for sarcopenia in older persons may allow interventions to maintain or improve muscle mass. Future studies should evaluate whether eCER predicts sarcopenia-related frailty and mortality in older persons.

Publication types

  • Observational Study
  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural

MeSH terms

  • Age Factors
  • Aged
  • Body Weight
  • California
  • Cohort Studies
  • Creatinine / urine*
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Female
  • Geriatric Assessment / methods*
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Muscle, Skeletal*
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sex Factors

Substances

  • Creatinine