In Chinese medicine, diabetes belongs to the category of "Xiaoke disease (disease with symptoms of frequent drinking and urination)"; in the traditional sense, its pathogenesis is "Yin deficiency and dryness-heat." However, over time, changes in the social environment and lifestyle have also changed the use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in diabetes. In this study, we performed diabetes syndrome differentiation using TCM according to evidence-based medicine and expert consensus opinion.