Serum soluble toll-like receptor 2: a novel biomarker for systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity and lupus-related cardiovascular dysfunction

Int J Rheum Dis. 2016 Jul;19(7):685-92. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.12452. Epub 2014 Aug 14.

Abstract

Aim: To assess the serum levels of soluble toll-like receptor (sTLR2) as an endogenous negative regulator of TLR2 signaling in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, to investigate the correlation between sTLR2 and SLE disease activity index (SELDAI), SLE-related cardiovascular risk factors and ventricular dysfunction and to evaluate the effect of different therapeutic regimens on serum sTLR2 levels.

Methods: Ninety-six SLE patients, along with 30 healthy controls, were enrolled in the study. Echocardiography measurements were performed. Serum levels of (sTLR2) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum lipid profiles, uric acid and creatinine were also detected.

Results: Mean serum levels of sTLR2 in SLE patients was 3.98 ± 4.4 ng/mL, which was significantly decreased as compared with that of the control group (11.3 ± 4.9 ng/mL; P < 0.0001). sTLR2 was negatively correlated with SELDAI, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. sTLR2 levels were increased in patients receiving hydroxychloroquine, statins and corticosteroids.

Conclusion: Serum sTLR2 can attenuate disease activity and negatively impact left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and hypercholersterelemia in SLE patients. Statins, corticosteroids and chloroquine increase sTLR2 levels.

Keywords: TLR2 signaling (sTLR2); lupus-related cardiovascular risk factors; systemic lupus erythematosus.

MeSH terms

  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones / therapeutic use
  • Adult
  • Antirheumatic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Biomarkers / blood
  • Case-Control Studies
  • Creatinine / blood
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Diastole
  • Down-Regulation
  • Echocardiography, Doppler
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hydroxychloroquine / therapeutic use
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Hypercholesterolemia / blood
  • Hypercholesterolemia / etiology
  • Lipids / blood
  • Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / blood*
  • Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / complications
  • Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / diagnosis
  • Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic / drug therapy
  • Male
  • Toll-Like Receptor 2 / blood*
  • Uric Acid / blood
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / blood*
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / diagnostic imaging
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / etiology
  • Ventricular Dysfunction, Left / physiopathology
  • Ventricular Function, Left*
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Adrenal Cortex Hormones
  • Antirheumatic Agents
  • Biomarkers
  • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors
  • Lipids
  • TLR2 protein, human
  • Toll-Like Receptor 2
  • Uric Acid
  • Hydroxychloroquine
  • Creatinine