A gene not only control tiller and plant height, but also regulate panicle structure by QTL dissection in rice. An ideal panicle structure is important for improvement of plant architecture and rice yield. In this study, using recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of PA64s and 93-11, we identified a quantitative trait locus (QTL), designated qPPB3 for primary panicle branch number. With a BC3F2 population derived from a backcross between a resequenced RIL carrying PA64s allele and 93-11, qPPB3 was fine mapped to a 34.6-kb genomic region. Gene prediction analysis identified four putative genes, among which Os03g0203200, a previously reported gene for plant height and tiller number, Dwarf 88 (D88)/Dwarf 14 (D14), had three nucleotide substitutions in 93-11 compared with PA64s. The T to G substitution resulted in one amino acid change from valine in 93-11 to glycine in PA64s. Real-time PCR analysis showed expression level of D88 was higher in 93-11 than PA64s. The expression of APO1 and IPA1 increased, while GN1a and DST decreased in 93-11 compared with PA64s. Therefore, D88/D14 is not only a key regulator for branching, but also affects panicle structure.