Transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is considered the gold standard in the primary investigation of a suspicious prostate-related finding. The procedure can be carried out with ten probes or more on the lateral side of the prostate, after administering antibiotic prophylaxis and applying local anesthesia. The indication for a biopsy depends on the results of the digitorectal examination, on the serum prostate-specific antigen level, on the individual patient's wish and on his comorbidities. Whether multiparametric imaging should be used before or during the course of a primary or repeated biopsy in order to identify suspicious prostate lesions is the subject of current investigations. Extended biopsy protocols require further clinical investigations before they can become the new standard in the diagnostic work-up. This review delivers an update on the indication for, and technique of, prostate biopsies.