Adverse prognostic and predictive significance of low DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) expression in early-stage breast cancers

Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2014 Jul;146(2):309-20. doi: 10.1007/s10549-014-3035-2. Epub 2014 Jun 28.

Abstract

DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), a serine threonine kinase belonging to the PIKK family (phosphoinositide 3-kinase-like-family of protein kinase), is a critical component of the non-homologous end-joining pathway required for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. DNA-PKcs may be involved in breast cancer pathogenesis. We evaluated clinicopathological significance of DNA-PKcs protein expression in 1,161 tumours and DNA-PKcs mRNA expression in 1,950 tumours. We correlated DNA-PKcs to markers of aggressive phenotypes, DNA repair, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and survival. Low DNA-PKcs protein expression was associated with higher tumour grade, higher mitotic index, tumour de-differentiation and tumour type (ps < 0.05). The absence of BRCA1, low XRCC1, low SMUG1, low APE1 and low Polβ was also more likely in low DNA-PKcs expressing tumours (ps < 0.05). Low DNA-PKcs protein expression was significantly associated with worse breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) in univariate and multivariate analysis (ps < 0.01). At the mRNA level, similarly, low DNA-PKcs was associated with poor BCSS. In patients with ER-positive tumours who received endocrine therapy, low DNA-PKcs (protein and mRNA) was associated with poor survival. In ER-negative patients, low DNA-PKcs mRNA remains significantly associated with adverse outcome. Our study suggests that low DNA-PKcs expression may have prognostic and predictive significance in breast cancers.

MeSH terms

  • Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism
  • Breast Neoplasms / diagnosis
  • Breast Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Breast Neoplasms / mortality*
  • Catalytic Domain / genetics*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • DNA-Activated Protein Kinase / chemistry
  • DNA-Activated Protein Kinase / genetics*
  • DNA-Activated Protein Kinase / metabolism
  • Female
  • Gene Expression*
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Grading
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Prognosis
  • Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs / genetics*
  • Tumor Burden

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • DNA-Activated Protein Kinase