In vitro and in vivo characterization of a new organic nitrate hybrid drug covalently bound to pioglitazone

Pharmacology. 2014;93(5-6):203-15. doi: 10.1159/000361052. Epub 2014 Jun 7.

Abstract

Background/aims: Organic nitrates represent a group of nitrovasodilators that are clinically used for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. The new compound CLC-3000 is an aminoethyl nitrate (AEN) derivative of pioglitazone, a thiazolidinedione antidiabetic agent combining the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ agonist activity of pioglitazone with the NO-donating activity of the nitrate moiety.

Methods: In vitro and in vivo characterization was performed by isometric tension recording, platelet function, bleeding time and detection of oxidative stress.

Results: In vitro, CLC-3000 displayed more potent vasodilation than pioglitazone alone or classical nitrates. In vitro, some effects on oxidative stress parameters were observed. Authentic AEN or the AEN-containing linker CLC-1275 displayed antiaggregatory effects. In vivo treatment with CLC-3000 for 7 days did neither induce endothelial dysfunction nor nitrate tolerance nor oxidative stress. Acute or chronic administration of AEN increased the tail vein bleeding time in mice.

Conclusion: In summary, the results of these studies demonstrate that CLC-3000 contains a vasodilative and antithrombotic activity that is not evident with pioglitazone alone, and that 7 days of exposure in vivo showed no typical signs of nitrate tolerance, endothelial dysfunction or other safety concerns in Wistar rats.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Aorta / drug effects
  • Aorta / physiology
  • Bleeding Time
  • Blood Platelets / drug effects
  • Blood Platelets / physiology
  • Fibrinolytic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacology
  • Male
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mitochondria, Heart / drug effects
  • Mitochondria, Heart / metabolism
  • Nitrates / pharmacology*
  • Pioglitazone
  • Platelet Aggregation / drug effects
  • Rats, Wistar
  • Reactive Nitrogen Species / metabolism
  • Reactive Oxygen Species / metabolism
  • Thiazolidinediones / pharmacology
  • Vasoconstriction / drug effects
  • Vasodilation / drug effects
  • Vasodilator Agents / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Fibrinolytic Agents
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Nitrates
  • Reactive Nitrogen Species
  • Reactive Oxygen Species
  • Thiazolidinediones
  • Vasodilator Agents
  • Pioglitazone