Purpose: We rarely have an opportunity to perform pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) following the onset of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) for patients with periampullary cancer. The perioperative risks and optimal timing of subsequent PD have, therefore, remained unclear.
Methods: Between January 2006 and December 2012, we performed PD in six patients with SAP. We reviewed these six cases, and compared the perioperative risks of morbidity and mortality with those of 81 concurrent PD patients matched for primary cancer without preoperative SAP.
Results: The six patients were classified as having SAP based on the Japanese criteria developed in 2008. The SAP in five patients was caused by ERCP procedures. The median interval from SAP onset to the operation was 111 days. The rate of Grade B/C postoperative pancreatic fistula formation in the SAP patients was significantly higher than that of the 81 control patients (83 vs. 26 %, P < 0.001). In addition, the median postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in the six SAP patients relative to that of the control patients (40 vs. 30 days, P < 0.001).
Conclusions: An interval of at least 3 months after surgery may be needed to decrease the inflammation of the peripancreas region after SAP. Therefore, unnecessary and low-yield ERCP procedures should be avoided in these patients.