Evidence for gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background polarization from cross-correlation with the cosmic infrared background

P A R Ade; Y Akiba; A E Anthony; K Arnold; M Atlas; D Barron; D Boettger; J Borrill; C Borys; S Chapman; Y Chinone; M Dobbs; T Elleflot; J Errard; G Fabbian; C Feng; D Flanigan; A Gilbert; W Grainger; N W Halverson; M Hasegawa; K Hattori; M Hazumi; W L Holzapfel; Y Hori; J Howard; P Hyland; Y Inoue; G C Jaehnig; A Jaffe; B Keating; Z Kermish; R Keskitalo; T Kisner; M Le Jeune; A T Lee; E M Leitch; E Linder; M Lungu; F Matsuda; T Matsumura; X Meng; N J Miller; H Morii; S Moyerman; M J Myers; M Navaroli; H Nishino; H Paar; J Peloton; D Poletti; E Quealy; G Rebeiz; C L Reichardt; P L Richards; C Ross; K Rotermund; I Schanning; D E Schenck; B D Sherwin; A Shimizu; C Shimmin; M Shimon; P Siritanasak; G Smecher; H Spieler; N Stebor; B Steinbach; R Stompor; A Suzuki; S Takakura; A Tikhomirov; T Tomaru; B Wilson; A Yadav; O Zahn; POLARBEAR Collaboration

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.131302

Evidence for gravitational lensing of the cosmic microwave background polarization from cross-correlation with the cosmic infrared background

Phys Rev Lett. 2014 Apr 4;112(13):131302. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.131302. Epub 2014 Apr 2.

Authors

P A R Ade¹, Y Akiba², A E Anthony³, K Arnold⁴, M Atlas⁴, D Barron⁴, D Boettger⁴, J Borrill⁵, C Borys⁶, S Chapman⁷, Y Chinone⁸, M Dobbs⁹, T Elleflot⁴, J Errard⁵, G Fabbian¹⁰, C Feng⁴, D Flanigan¹¹, A Gilbert⁹, W Grainger¹², N W Halverson¹³, M Hasegawa¹⁴, K Hattori¹⁵, M Hazumi¹⁶, W L Holzapfel¹⁷, Y Hori¹⁵, J Howard¹⁸, P Hyland¹⁹, Y Inoue², G C Jaehnig²⁰, A Jaffe²¹, B Keating⁴, Z Kermish²², R Keskitalo²³, T Kisner⁵, M Le Jeune²⁴, A T Lee²⁵, E M Leitch²⁶, E Linder²⁷, M Lungu¹⁷, F Matsuda⁴, T Matsumura¹⁵, X Meng¹⁷, N J Miller²⁸, H Morii¹⁵, S Moyerman⁴, M J Myers¹⁷, M Navaroli⁴, H Nishino²⁹, H Paar⁴, J Peloton²⁴, D Poletti²⁴, E Quealy³⁰, G Rebeiz³¹, C L Reichardt¹⁷, P L Richards¹⁷, C Ross⁷, K Rotermund⁷, I Schanning⁴, D E Schenck³, B D Sherwin³², A Shimizu², C Shimmin¹⁷, M Shimon³³, P Siritanasak⁴, G Smecher³⁴, H Spieler³⁵, N Stebor⁴, B Steinbach¹⁷, R Stompor²⁴, A Suzuki¹⁷, S Takakura³⁶, A Tikhomirov⁷, T Tomaru¹⁵, B Wilson⁴, A Yadav⁴, O Zahn³⁵; POLARBEAR Collaboration

Affiliations

¹ School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3XQ, United Kingdom.
² The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan.
³ Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
⁴ Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA.
⁵ Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 92093-0424, USA and Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
⁶ California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA.
⁷ Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
⁸ High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
⁹ Physics Department, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada.
¹⁰ AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France and International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), Trieste 34014, Italy.
¹¹ Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
¹² Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC, Swindon, SN2 1SZ, United Kingdom.
¹³ Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA and Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
¹⁴ The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
¹⁵ High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
¹⁶ The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, Hayama, Miura District, Kanagawa 240-0115, Japan and High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), Todai Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.
¹⁷ Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
¹⁸ Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom.
¹⁹ Physics Department, Austin College, Sherman, TX 75090, USA.
²⁰ Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.
²¹ Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
²² Physics Department, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.
²³ Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 92093-0424, USA.
²⁴ AstroParticule et Cosmologie, Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS/IN2P3, CEA/Irfu, Obs de Paris, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.
²⁵ Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
²⁶ Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
²⁷ Space Sciences Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
²⁸ Observational Cosmology Laboratory, Code 665, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.
²⁹ Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), Todai Institutes for Advanced Study, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8583, Japan.
³⁰ Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Physics Department, Napa Valley College, Napa, CA 94558, USA.
³¹ Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
³² Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA and Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
³³ Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093-0424, USA and School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
³⁴ Three-Speed Logic, Inc., Vancouver, B.C., V6A 2J8, Canada.
³⁵ Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
³⁶ High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan and Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.

PMID: 24745402
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.131302

Abstract

We reconstruct the gravitational lensing convergence signal from cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization data taken by the Polarbear experiment and cross-correlate it with cosmic infrared background maps from the Herschel satellite. From the cross spectra, we obtain evidence for gravitational lensing of the CMB polarization at a statistical significance of 4.0σ and indication of the presence of a lensing B-mode signal at a significance of 2.3σ. We demonstrate that our results are not biased by instrumental and astrophysical systematic errors by performing null tests, checks with simulated and real data, and analytical calculations. This measurement of polarization lensing, made via the robust cross-correlation channel, not only reinforces POLARBEAR auto-correlation measurements, but also represents one of the early steps towards establishing CMB polarization lensing as a powerful new probe of cosmology and astrophysics.