Transforming growth factor-beta signaling leads to uPA/PAI-1 activation and metastasis: a study on human breast cancer tissues

Pathol Oncol Res. 2014 Jul;20(3):727-32. doi: 10.1007/s12253-014-9753-2. Epub 2014 Mar 9.

Abstract

Metastasis represents a major problem in the treatment of patients with advanced primary breast cancer. Both Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) signaling and Plasminogen Activator (PA) components, urokinase-type Plasminogen Activator (uPA) and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) represent a complex network crucial for such enhanced invasiveness of tumors and imply high prognostic/predictive and promising therapeutic potential. Therefore, protein expression of specific effector molecules comprising the main parts of the TGF-β signaling pathway were determined in HOPE-fixed human tumor tissues through IHC (Scoring) using tissue microarray (TMA) technique and correlated with respective uPA and PAI-1 levels determined earlier in the same TMAs through optimized IHC and semi-quantitative image analysis. TGF-β signaling was active in vast majority (96 %) of the tumor samples and 88 % of all cases were significantly correlated with established metastasis markers uPA and PAI-1. In addition, TGF-β was also closely associated with tumor size, nodal status and two steroid hormone receptors. Consistent interrelationships between TGF-β, PA components and additional tumor characteristics underline the superiority of such more comprising data with regards to confirming TGF-β signaling as a promising target system to inhibit metastasis in advanced breast cancer.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism*
  • Breast Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Breast Neoplasms / pathology*
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Immunoenzyme Techniques
  • Middle Aged
  • Neoplasm Grading
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 / metabolism*
  • Prognosis
  • Signal Transduction
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta / metabolism*
  • Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator / metabolism*

Substances

  • Biomarkers, Tumor
  • Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1
  • Transforming Growth Factor beta
  • Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator