Multiple classes of antiviral agents exhibit in vitro activity against human rhinovirus type C

Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(3):1546-55. doi: 10.1128/AAC.01746-13. Epub 2013 Dec 23.

Abstract

Human rhinovirus type C (HRV-C) is a newly discovered enterovirus species frequently associated with exacerbation of asthma and other acute respiratory conditions. Until recently, HRV-C could not be propagated in vitro, hampering in-depth characterization of the virus replication cycle and preventing efficient testing of antiviral agents. Herein we describe several subgenomic RNA replicon systems and a cell culture infectious model for HRV-C that can be used for antiviral screening. The replicon constructs consist of genome sequences from HRVc15, HRVc11, HRVc24, and HRVc25 strains, with the P1 capsid region replaced by a Renilla luciferase coding sequence. Following transfection of the replicon RNA into HeLa cells, the constructs produced time-dependent increases in luciferase signal that can be inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by known inhibitors of HRV replication, including the 3C protease inhibitor rupintrivir, the nucleoside analog inhibitor MK-0608, and the phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PI4K-IIIβ) kinase inhibitor PIK93. Furthermore, with the exception of pleconaril and pirodavir, the other tested classes of HRV inhibitors blocked the replication of full-length HRVc15 and HRVc11 in human airway epithelial cells (HAEs) that were differentiated in the air-liquid interface, exhibiting antiviral activities similar to those observed with HRV-16. In summary, this study is the first comprehensive profiling of multiple classes of antivirals against HRV-C, and the set of newly developed quantitative HRV-C antiviral assays represent indispensable tools for the identification and evaluation of novel panserotype HRV inhibitors.

MeSH terms

  • Antiviral Agents / pharmacology*
  • Common Cold / drug therapy
  • Common Cold / virology
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • HeLa Cells
  • Humans
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Isoxazoles / pharmacology
  • Oxadiazoles / pharmacology
  • Oxazoles
  • Phenylalanine / analogs & derivatives
  • Piperidines / pharmacology
  • Pyridazines / pharmacology
  • Pyrrolidinones / pharmacology
  • RNA, Viral / genetics
  • Replicon / drug effects
  • Rhinovirus / drug effects*
  • Rhinovirus / genetics
  • Tubercidin / analogs & derivatives
  • Tubercidin / pharmacology
  • Valine / analogs & derivatives
  • Virus Replication / drug effects

Substances

  • Antiviral Agents
  • Isoxazoles
  • Oxadiazoles
  • Oxazoles
  • Piperidines
  • Pyridazines
  • Pyrrolidinones
  • RNA, Viral
  • Win 56291
  • Phenylalanine
  • pleconaril
  • pirodavir
  • Valine
  • Tubercidin
  • 7-deaza-2'-C-methyladenosine
  • rupintrivir