Abstract
Bladder cancer stem cell research is rapidly expanding based on the knowledge of cancer stem cells from various cancer types and normal stem cells as models. In various cancer types, cancer stem cells have been implicated in therapeutic resistance and relapse after initial therapy. Understanding how cancer stem cells differ from bulk cancer cells and how cancer stem cells contribute to relapse and resistance are essential to develop novel therapeutics to target cancer stem cells effectively. Here we review the latest information on bladder cancer stem cells, their biological characteristics, including their response to treatment, recurrence, immune context and technical problems encountered in bladder cancer stem cell research.
Publication types
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Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
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Review
MeSH terms
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Animals
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Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology
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Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism
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Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / drug therapy
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Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / metabolism
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Carcinoma, Transitional Cell / pathology*
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Cisplatin / pharmacology
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Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
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Humans
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Hyaluronan Receptors / metabolism
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Neoplasm Invasiveness
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Neoplastic Stem Cells / drug effects
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Neoplastic Stem Cells / metabolism*
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Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / drug therapy
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Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / metabolism
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Urinary Bladder Neoplasms / pathology*
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 / metabolism
Substances
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Antineoplastic Agents
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Biomarkers, Tumor
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CD44 protein, human
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Hyaluronan Receptors
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KDR protein, human
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2
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Cisplatin