Evaluation of the persistence of functional and biological respiratory health effects in clean-up workers 6 years after the prestige oil spill

Abstract

Fishermen who had participated in clean-up activities of the Prestige oil spill showed increased bronchial responsiveness and higher levels of respiratory biomarkers 2 years later. We aimed to evaluate the persistence of these functional and biological respiratory health effects 6 years after clean-up work. In 2008/2009 a follow-up study was done in 230 never-smoking fishermen who had been exposed to clean-up work in 2002/2003 and 87 non-exposed fishermen. Lung function and bronchial responsiveness testing and the determination of respiratory biomarkers in exhaled breath condensate were done identically as in the baseline survey in 2004/2005. Associations between participation in clean-up work and respiratory health parameters were assessed using linear and logistic regression analyses adjusting for sex and age. Information from 158 exposed (69%) and 57 non-exposed (66%) fishermen was obtained. Loss to follow-up in the non-exposed was characterised by less respiratory symptoms at baseline. During the 4-year follow-up period lung function, bronchial hyperresponsiveness and the levels of respiratory biomarkers of oxidative stress and growth factors had deteriorated notably more among non-exposed than among exposed. At follow-up, respiratory health indices were similar or better in clean-up workers than in non-exposed. No clear differences between highly exposed and moderately exposed clean-up workers were found. In conclusion, we could not detect long-term respiratory health effects in clean-up workers 6 years after the Prestige oil spill. Methodological issues that need to be considered in this type of studies include the choice of a non-exposed control group and limitation of follow-up to subgroups such as never smokers.

Keywords: BHR; Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor; Biomarkers; Bronchial Hyperresponsiveness; EBC; Emergency responders; Exhaled breath condensate; FEF(25–75%); FEV(1); FVC; Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second; Forced Vital Capacity; GM; Geometric Mean; IL; Interleukin; Longitudinal; Mean Forced Expiratory Flow between 25% and 75% of the FVC; OR; Odds Ratio; Oil spill; Respiratory; SD; SF; San Francisco quality of life questionnaire; Standard Deviation; TNF; Tumour Necrosis Factor; VEGF; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor; bFGF.