Abdominoplasty with special attention to construction of the umbilicus: Technique and complications

Aesthetic Plast Surg. 1978 Dec;2(1):65-74. doi: 10.1007/BF01577940.

Abstract

We present a simple technique for umbilicoplasty and some guidelines for improving the results in abdominoplasty. These include preoperative erect marking, equal and exacting retraction, formation of a suprapublic fat pad and a central raphe, and prolonged splinting of the abdominal incisions including an umbilical stent.