Bariatric surgery is one of the most effective treatment options for obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In recent years, laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy has become increasingly popular due to simple operation, high safety and significant efficacy. In this article, the progress and the application evaluation of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the field of bariatric and metabolic surgery are reviewed.