Combined microextraction by packed sorbent and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection for rapid analysis of ractopamine in porcine muscle and urine samples

Abstract

A method for rapid analysis of ractopamine in porcine muscle and urine was developed and validated. The method was based on combined of microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) and high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). Parameters of the MEPS procedure affecting extraction efficiency were optimised. Optimum extraction conditions were 100 μL of sample in five extraction cycles and sampling time of <3 min. Compared with solid-phase extraction, the MEPS procedure required less extraction time, sample volume and consumption of organic solvents. The method demonstrated high linearity within 0.01-2 μg/mL for porcine muscle and urine samples (R²>0.9985). Accuracies of muscle and urine analyses were 93.9-109.2% and 93.4-105.1%, respectively. Intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD%) were lower than 11.8% for both analyses. The method was applied for rapid analysis of ractopamine in biological samples. The method was simpler and could be used to screen other β₂-agonists in other extraction media.

Keywords: High-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection; Microextraction by packed sorbent; Porcine muscle; Porcine urine; Ractopamine.