Gastrointestinal stromal tumors: management of metastatic disease and emerging therapies

Abstract

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract. Before the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) there were few treatment options available to patients with metastatic GIST. Surgery was the mainstay of treatment and the prognosis was dismal. With the advent of imatinib and second-line TKIs the prognosis of metastatic GIST has improved dramatically; however, there is still a need for therapies for patients with disease refractory to TKI therapy. Newer agents are under investigation and may have promise. This article discusses the current standard of care in terms of standard and investigational pharmacotherapy in the management of metastatic GIST.

Keywords: GIST; HSP90; IGF-1R; KIT; PDGFRA; SDH-deficient GIST; Tyrosine kinase inhibitors.